Carbohydrate
macronutrientA macronutrient and the body's primary energy source.
Definition
A macronutrient and the body's primary energy source. Includes sugars, starches, and fiber. Provides 4 calories per gram. Found in grains, fruits, vegetables, and dairy.
ํ์ํ๋ฌผ(Carbohydrate)์ด๋?
ํ์ํ๋ฌผ์ ํ์, ์์, ์ฐ์๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋ ์ ๊ธฐ ๋ถ์์ ๋๋ค. ์ธ์ฒด๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋จผ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ์ฃผ์ ์๋์ง์์ผ๋ก, ๊ทธ๋จ๋น 4ํฌ๋ก์นผ๋ก๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธํฉ๋๋ค. ํ์ํ๋ฌผ์ ํํ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋จ์๋น(๋จ๋น๋ฅ ๋ฐ ์ด๋น๋ฅ)๊ณผ ๋ณตํฉ ํ์ํ๋ฌผ(์ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋น ๋ฐ ์ ๋ถยท์์ด์ฌ์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ค๋น๋ฅ)๋ก ๋ถ๋ฅ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
์ํ ๊ณผ์ ์์ ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ ํ์ํ๋ฌผ์ ํฌ๋๋น์ผ๋ก ๋ถํด๋์ด ํ๋ฅ๋ก ์ ์ ๋๋ฉฐ, ์ฆ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์๋์ง์์ผ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋๊ฑฐ๋ ๋์ค์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ทผ์ก์ ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ฝ๊ฒ ํํ๋ก ์ ์ฅ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
์ข ๋ฅ์ ํ์ง
๋ชจ๋ ํ์ํ๋ฌผ์ด ์ฒด๋ด์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก ์์ฉํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์๋๋๋ค. ํ๋น์ง์(GI)๋ ํ์ํ๋ฌผ ํจ์ ์ํ์ด ํ๋น์ ์ผ๋ง๋ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋์ด๋์ง ์์๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธด ์งํ์ ๋๋ค.
- ๊ณ GI ์ํ (ํฐ๋นต, ํฌ๋๋น, ํฐ ์๋ฐฅ): ํ๋น์ ๊ธ๊ฒฉํ ์์น์ํต๋๋ค
- ์ GI ์ํ (์ฝฉ๋ฅ, ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ ๊ณผ์ผ, ๊ท๋ฆฌ): ํ๋น์ ์ฒ์ฒํ, ์ง์์ ์ผ๋ก ๋์ ๋๋ค
- ์์ด์ฌ์ ๊ฐ ํ๋ถํ ๋ณตํฉ ํ์ํ๋ฌผ์ ์ฅ ๊ฑด๊ฐ๊ณผ ํฌ๋ง๊ฐ์ ์ง์ํฉ๋๋ค
๊ถ์ฅ ์ญ์ทจ๋ ๋ฐ ์ํ ๊ณต๊ธ์
ํ์ํ๋ฌผ์ ์ ์ ๋ค๋์์์ ์ญ์ทจ ๋ฒ์(AMDR)๋ ํ๋ฃจ ์ด ์๋์ง ์ญ์ทจ๋์ 45โ65%์ ๋๋ค. 2,000 kcal ์์ด ๊ธฐ์ค์ผ๋ก ํ๋ฃจ ์ฝ 225โ325 g์ ํด๋นํฉ๋๋ค. ์์ด ์ง์นจ์์๋ ์ ์ ํ์ํ๋ฌผ์ด๋ ์ฒจ๊ฐ๋น ๋์ ํต๊ณก๋ฌผ, ๊ณผ์ผ, ์ฑ์, ์ฝฉ๋ฅ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์กฐํ๋๋ก ๊ถ๊ณ ํฉ๋๋ค.
- ํ๋ฏธ (์กฐ๋ฆฌ 1 ์ปต): ์ฝ 45 g ํ์ํ๋ฌผ
- ๋ฐ๋๋ (์ค๊ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ): ์ฝ 27 g ํ์ํ๋ฌผ
- ๊ฒ์์ฝฉ (์กฐ๋ฆฌ 1 ์ปต): ์ฝ 41 g ํ์ํ๋ฌผ
- ๊ท๋ฆฌ (๊ฑด์กฐ 1/2 ์ปต): ์ฝ 27 g ํ์ํ๋ฌผ
Top Food Sources
| # | Food | Amount per 100g | % DV |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sweeteners, tabletop, fructose, dry, powder | 100g | 36% |
| 2 | ๏ผ็ ็ณ้ก๏ผ ใใใ็ณ ใฐใฉใใฅใผ็ณ | 100g | 36% |
| 3 | ์คํ, ๊ฐ์คํ | 100g | 36% |
| 4 | ๏ผ็ ็ณ้ก๏ผ ๅ ๅทฅ็ณ ่ง็ ็ณ | 100g | 36% |
| 5 | ๏ผ็ ็ณ้ก๏ผ ๅ ๅทฅ็ณ ๆฐท็ ็ณ | 100g | 36% |
| 6 | Sugars, granulated | 100g | 36% |
| 7 | ๏ผใงใ็ฒ็ณ้ก๏ผ ้ๅ ้บฆ่ฝ็ณ | 100g | 36% |
| 8 | ๏ผ็ ็ณ้ก๏ผ ใใใ็ณ ไธญใใ็ณ | 100g | 36% |
| 9 | ๏ผ็ ็ณ้ก๏ผ ใใใ็ณ ็ฝใใ็ณ | 100g | 36% |
| 10 | ์คํ, ๊ฐ์คํ | 100g | 36% |
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Related Terms
Glycemic Index (GI)
A scale from 0-100 ranking how quickly a food raises blood sugar.
Net Carbs
The digestible carbohydrates that impact blood sugar, calculated as total carbohydrates minus dietary fiber (and sometimes sugar alcohols).
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
A water-soluble B vitamin essential for converting carbohydrates into energy and nerve function.
Carb Cycling
A dietary strategy that alternates between high and low carbohydrate days, typically matching higher carb intake to intense training days.